UK Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood has shared her vision for the state’s use of AI and technology on the public. Inspired by 18th-century philosopher Bentham’s ‘Panopticon’, Mahmood says she wants constant state surveillance over UK citizens.
Mahmood’s controversial and authoritarian comments came in a Telegraph article, in which she said she’s aiming for ‘Minority Report-style’ policing. This should strike fear in the hearts of every citizen, as our Home Secretary appears to suggest that the advance prediction of crime is the goal, rather than to tackle crimes that have actually been committed.
Philosopher Jeremy Bentham attempted to introduce the ‘panopticon’ prison system in the late 18th century, arguing it was the ‘perfect’ prison. With prison guards at its centre, the prisoners would surround them providing a 360-degree view for ‘monitoring’ behaviour. However, it’s very design would have had such an impact on prisoners’ psychological wellbeing that Bentham was never able to realise his ambition of the ultimate ‘surveillance prison’.
This X post exposes Bentham’s history, showing that his ideas were seen as a step too far even in an era of limited citizen rights:
For those who do not know, the 'Panopticon' was a plan for a 'perfect' prison. The cells were arranged in a multistory disc around a central guard tower. Because the guards would have a complete view into any of the cells at any time, but the guards in the tower could not be… https://t.co/lkAxL9hngPpic.twitter.com/NE3dZCbLXW
Federal agents clash with protestors outside an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on January 15, 2026. (Photo by Mostafa Bassim/Anadolu via Getty Images)
“Milquetoast calls for better identification, bodycams, and training fall far short of what is required of you to meet this moment.”
A broad coalition of organizations is calling on the US Congress to block funding for the mass surveillance programs being used by federal immigration enforcement officials.
In a letter sent to members of Congress, the groups decry US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents for “leveraging a multi-billion dollar budget to terrorize our communities and build a surveillance panopticon” with no accountability from elected officials.
The letter then singles out several mass surveillance projects being carried out under the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that it says are worthy of defunding, including “building databases of biometrics, sensitive personal data, and daily movements of not only immigrants, but everybody in the US”; “purchasing technology to surveil all the phones in a neighborhood without a warrant”; and “recklessly relying on facial recognition technology that is banned in some states, and misusing that data to intimidate protesters and witnesses.”
The groups call on Congress to completely defund ICE or, if that is not politically feasible, to “severely restrict what ICE can spend money on, including a complete moratorium on the purchase and use of surveillance tech” such as facial recognition and license plate readers.
“We urge you to do everything within your power in order to block ICE’s reign of terror in our communities and halt the build out of surveillance tech infrastructure that will make it impossible for everyday people to do anything at all without Big Brother watching,” the groups conclude. “Milquetoast calls for better identification, bodycams, and training fall far short of what is required of you to meet this moment.”
Signatories of the letter include the Yale Privacy Lab, digital rights organization Fight for the Future, and several local chapters of progressive political organizing group Indivisible.
ICE’s big investments in surveillance technology were documented in an Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) report published earlier this month, which found ICE “is going on a shopping spree, creating one of the largest, most comprehensive domestic surveillance machines in history.”
The EFF report highlighted the role played by Cellebrite, a company that helps ICE unlock protesters’ phones and “take a complete image of all the data on the phone, including apps, location history, photos, notes, call records, text messages, and even Signal and WhatsApp messages.”
This is particularly important, the report noted, because the number of phones searched by ICE and other agencies has been steadily increasing, hitting a record high last year.
ICE also has a contract with Paragon, the company behind the spyware Graphite that “is able to harvest messages from multiple different encrypted chat apps such as Signal and WhatsApp without the user ever knowing.”
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